去年年底意大利朋友发给我这个，很有意思。想必这些题应该是意大利的“汉语权威”出的，要求是修改病句，原句应该是意大利人在说汉语时会犯的典型错误。这些句子在我们看来确实有些别扭，但指出错在何处、如何修改，还真不是轻而易举的事。由于没有标准答案，我只能揣测出题者的意图，给出我认为合理的解释。

 

改错句 

1。每次老师让我们回答问题时，首先玛丽举手。

    there is an error in 首先玛丽举手. we do not place 首先 in front of a sentence unless when we want to enumerate in sequence: 首先...其次...然后...最后. here 首先 means (do sth) in the first place among a crowd of ppl, so it is to be put in front of the verb 举. thus 玛丽首先举手 is correct.

    but when we use 每次, there is supposed to be an adverb showing frequency that follows. we often say 每次...都 or 每次...总. so the correct answer is 每次老师让我们回答问题时，玛丽都首先举手。

    the above sentence is indubitably as correct as grammatical. but it is too grammatical to sound like chinese. actually we are inclined to make sentences that are "symmetrical" rather than grammatical. so we say 老师每次..., 玛丽都... or 每次老师..., 都是玛丽...

    moreover, 时 is better to omit, as is superfluous when there is 每次. 

    the most idomatic saying: 每次老师让我们回答问题，总是玛丽先举手。or 老师每次让我们回答问题，玛丽都首先举手。

    conclusion: memorize the pattern 每次...都, be careful with the position of an adverb, and try to pay attention to the "symmetry".

 

2。我第一个晚上在中国只睡觉三个小时。

    correction: 我在中国的第一个晚上只睡了三个小时（的）觉。or idomatically 我在中国的第一个晚上只睡了三个小时。

    first let's talk about the position of 了. what's the difference between 我睡觉了 & 我睡了觉？as is known, 了 means over. so 我睡觉了 means 我睡觉 is over, or specifically, the incident is over. 我睡了觉 means 我睡 is over, or specifically, the action is over. thus, 我睡觉了= i have slept; 我睡了觉= i slept.

    睡觉 as a whole can serve as an intransitive verb, or be separated into a transitive verb 睡 and its object 觉. omitting the object will not change the meaning. the words that fall into the same category are 吃饭 说话...

 

   

3。我去参观西安时，跟另一位外国人一起住一个房子。晚上他大呼气，把我吓得不入睡了。

    i prefer 我去西安参观时 (i do not know why) though it is correct to say 我去参观西安时 

    另 sounds excessive without a context, but i think we also tend to say it, don't know why :( 

    打呼噜 must be mistaken for 大呼气.

    不入睡了 should be 睡不着了. 入睡 is different from 睡着. but the point is the negative form. we say 我不睡觉 我睡不着（觉） 我无法入睡 我不让自己入睡... pay attention to the different negative adverbs among whom i cannot make a rule of thumb.

    correction: 我去西安参观时，跟（另）一位外国人一起住一个房子。晚上他打呼噜，把我吓得睡不着了。

 

4。北京夏天的晚上就是人觉得最舒服的时间。

    basically there is only the misnomer of 时间 for 时候. doubtfully if there are other alleged mistakes.

 

5。天热，夜里睡觉不着的时候是很麻烦，怎么办呢？

    睡觉不着 is supposed to be 睡不着觉. 是 is to be blotted out.

 

6。他最近常常不上课，难怪他生病了。

    semantically, it is correct.

    pragmatically, 他生病了, 难怪他最近常常不上课.

 

7。这个东西何等好，还是个中外合资产生的。

    产生=〉生产

    wondering if there is a trap in 何等

 

8。因为是一个新的电影，大家都手忙脚乱地买票。

    手忙脚乱=〉争先恐后

    but actually 手忙脚乱 is vividly picturesque.

 

9。秋天一来，有各种各样的水果在街路上。

    街路 does not exist, should be 大街 or 马路. but  秋天一来，有各种各样的水果在大街上 sounds also weird. is there anything regarding the legality of peddlers involved in it?

    correction: 秋天一来，大街上有各种各样的水果。

 

10。我走路上街的时候， 被一辆自行车冲伤了。

    冲=〉撞. but we just tend to say 撞伤, whereas there is no grammatical mistake in 冲伤.

    我走路上街的时候 sounds a bit weird, cos 走路 is unnecessarily emphasized. but as for a driver who seldom walks, it is another case.

    correction: 我走路上街的时候，被一辆自行车撞伤了。

 

11。我只见天空有很多星星。

    grammatically there is no mistake. but we tend to make this sentence begin with 只见 without a subject. if this sentence is incorrect, what about 我只看见天空有很多星星?

    supposed correction: 只见天空有很多星星。

   

12。太阳已经降落了，我们快下去山吧。

    we tend to say 太阳落山 rather than 太阳降落 cos 降落 means to land. but what if there is no mountain discernible? i wish someday we can create a new word describing the descending of the sun, maybe 太阳下课了。

    correction: 太阳已经落（山）了，我们快下山（去）吧。though i cannot figure out what is the grammar for 下山去

 

13。冬天太冷了，我们班的同学纷纷生病了。

    i assume there is something wrong with 纷纷, though i do not think so.

 

14。这家饭店的物资一间间都布置得很漂漂亮亮。

    物资=〉屋子

    some AB form words can extend to AABB, like here 漂漂亮亮, but do not attach any attributive to the AABB form, like here 很

    correction: 这家饭店的屋子一间间都布置得漂漂亮亮。

 

15。我一九八十年出生了，在农村。

    again 了! 我一九八零年出生 and 我一九八零年就出生了 are both correct. the former= i was born in 1980. the latter= i was born as early as 1980. what is the function of 就?

    correction: 我一九八零年出生在农村。 

 

16。我们告别以后再没有见面过，我很把他想。

    i myself never say 我很把他想, but it sounds folk.

    supposed correction: 我们告别以后再没有见面过，我很想他。

 

17。我昨天看见他在操场散散步，就问他：“你是不是又想想家了？”

    correction: 我昨天看见他在操场散步，就问他：“你是不是又想家了？”

    some AB form verbs can extend to AAB form, meaning to do for a short while, generally used when making suggestions.

 

很喜欢这种culture shock, 让人反思。